[PDF] British Army of the Rhine by Paul Chrystal | Perlego [55], When the II Canadian Corps assumed control of the left sector on 15 February, No. Motorman began on 31st July 1972 with the rapid deployment of troops from the rest of the UK and the British Army of the Rhine to the ports of Belfast and Derry. Many had seen hard use in the Ardennes, where they had demonstrated their utility, and large numbers were in the REME workshops. Both formations had areas of responsibility located around the German section of the River Rhine. It was estimated that each could carry 7,000 vehicles per day under frozen conditions and 4,000 per day during a thaw. 11 Army Roadhead, it was dependent on the daily arrival of ammunition trains. The XXX Corps FMC series started at 151 while the II Canadian Corps one started at 201, and the stark difference in maintenance practices between the two corps was illustrated by the fact that XXX Corps had opened three times as many FMCs in the campaign up to this point. [PDF] The British Army of the Rhine by Peter Speiser | Perlego [20], Commanders have included:[21]General Officer Commanding United Kingdom Support Command (Germany), General Officer Commanding British Forces Germany, Last edited on 10 December 2022, at 22:46, 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review, "UK to maintain military presence in Germany", "So, it is time to say Aufwiedersehen. The next major operation was Operation Plunderthe assault crossing of the Rhine. Find British Army Of The Rhine stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. The best introduction to the regimental system of the British army. Four days later the German Instrument of Surrender was signed in Berlin, and the war with Germany was over. Disbandment of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) and Royal Air Force Germany (RAFG) in 1994, following the end of the Cold War and the Options for Change defence review in the early 1990s, reduced the strength of the British Armed Forces in Germany by almost 30,000 with just one division (1st Armoured) remaining by the late 1990s, [7] [50], Because it was not anticipated that the advance would be rapid, it was not considered necessary to hold large stocks of petrol, oil and lubricants (POL) in the FMCs, but to ensure that vehicles moving to the assembly areas arrived with full tanks of fuel, a train loaded with petrol was sent to Nijmegen to allow them to be topped off. [98] By May the ration strength of the 21st Army Group had risen to 1.711 million. [30], A large force of engineer units was assembled for the operation: 37,000 British and Canadian engineers and pioneers, and 22,000 American engineers. [102] The 21st Army Group's logistical system proved capable of keeping the fighting men fed and supplied, whether in the awful weather conditions of Operation Veritable, or the fast-moving advance of the final drive beyond the Rhine.[104]. Crossing the Rhine | World War II Database - WW2DB SALUTE 50, ExCeL London - please pre-order now [60], The engineer units in the XII Corps assault area were under 11th Army Group, Royal Engineers (AGRE), commanded by Colonel R. B. [49] In the lead up to Operation Veritable, 446 special trains were run to the First Canadian Army railheads, delivering 349,356 tonnes (343,838 long tons) of supplies, of which around 227,000 tonnes (223,000 long tons) was for Operation Veritable. Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery's 21st Army Group consisted of the General Harry Crerar's First Canadian Army and Lieutenant General Sir Miles Dempsey's British Second Army. British Army of the Rhine Wikipedia Republished // WIKI 2 Overseas military bases of the United Kingdom enable the British Armed Forces to conduct expeditionary warfare and maintain a forward presence.Bases tend to be located in or near areas of strategic or diplomatic importance, often used for the build-up or resupply of military forces, as was seen during the 1982 Falklands War and the use of RAF Ascension Island as a staging post. British Army Germany was formed in 2020 to administer the remaining service personnel, UK Civil Servants, and dependents (family members), based in Germany.[2]. By January 1945, some 90,000 civilians were employed by the 21st Army Group, of whom half were employed in workshops in the advanced base, and 14,000 at the port of Antwerp. They were respectively augmented by 1,891 and 1,446 anti-aircraft guns and anti-tank guns. From 1952 the commander-in-chief of the BAOR was also the commander of NATO's Northern Army Group (NORTHAG) in the event of a general war with the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact. Since the First Canadian Army did not hold large stocks at No. Over the next six days it was used by 29,139 vehicles. Commanders in Chief. [11] Rhine Garrison, which principally comprised HQ British Forces Germany in the Rheindahlen Military Complex and Elmpt Station (formerly RAF Bruggen), also reduced in size; the HQ moved to Bielefeld in July 2013 and other units returned to the UK. British Army Of The Rhine Bases FOR SALE! - PicClick UK [26], The headquarters of the 9th Line of Communications Area was transferred to Paris to assist the American Communications Zone with the move. It became the primary formation controlling the British contribution to NATO after the formation of the alliance in 1949. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. Your current browser may not support copying via this button. Nearly 50 engineer companies, together with three road construction companies and 29 pioneer companies, were engaged in road maintenance. WO1 Served from 1971 - 1993 Served in British Army of the Rhine. No 13 Army Roadhead was opened at Nijmegen on 2 March, and was stocked by rail. Between 6 and 8 April, the 21st Army Group released another 4,630 tonnes (4,560 long tons) of road transport, along with two DUKW companies that were converted to using 3-ton trucks. A. [18], Eisenhower ordered Montgomery to resume his preparations for Operation Veritable, the objective of which was to defeat the German forces west of the Rhine. In 1961, he received a commission into the Royal Corps of Signals, and served in the British Army of the Rhine . The Oxford History of the British Army. Both stocked 200 rounds per gun of field artillery ammunition for the entire XXX Corps. British Forces Germany - Wikipedia Demands for smoke generators exhausted the available stocks and generators were taken from the anti-aircraft gun positions around Antwerp. The 17th and 19th Line of Communications Sub Area assumed responsibility for the region around Lille, allowing the 15th Line of Communications Sub Area to move to the area between the Maas and the Rhine. [32][33], A major user of fuel was the Fog Investigation and Dispersal Operation (FIDO) system at pinoy, which consumed 410,000 litres (90,000impgal) per night. In a European context the first step in this process was the 1947 Anglo-French Treaty of Dunkirk. Bulk demands for artillery equipment, clothing and general stores were sent periodically by the formation's R.C.O.C. Includes a chapter on the creation of the postmodern regimental system between 1945 and 1970 against the backdrop of postwar austerity and the consequent reorganization and amalgamation of many regiments. The possibility that the Germans might flood the forward area was not overlooked, and a company of DUKW amphibious trucks and a platoon of Terrapin amphibious vehicles was on 48-hours notice to assist. [30], A rail halt was established at Gevrey-Chambertin and bivouac areas at Montbard and Chalon-sur-Sane. Pipelines were now constructed from Calais to Ghent, and thence to the storage facilities around Antwerp. The first troops sailed from Naples on the troop ship SS Esperance Bay on 22 February, and arrived at Marseilles two days later. Photo courtesy of RAMC Lab Tech Cpl Peter Elgar 1958. Individual chapters consider British thinking about tactical nuclear weapons, the evolution of NATO strategy, theories of tactical nuclear warfare, nuclear instruction at the Staff College, operational research and war-gaming, and the development of the armys nuclear warfighting doctrine. 30 hurt in blast at army base. Blaxland, Gregory. It was estimated that six one-way class 40 and two one-way class 70 pile bridges would be needed. At the beginning of March 1945, the 21st Army Group had bulk petrol transport capacity of about 2,700 tonnes (2,700 long tons) per day, assuming 80 per cent of the vehicles were running. [101] The vast resources brought to bear was in stark contrast with scarcities of the early war years. Please subscribe or login. Includes two chapters on National Service and professional recruitment after 1945, both of which were issues that influenced force generation in BAOR throughout its existence. Oxford Bibliographies Online is available by subscription and perpetual access to institutions. [63] The final troop movements for Operation Plunder involved 662 tanks, over 4,000 tank transporters and 32,000 other vehicles. Another 640 tonnes (630 long tons) was reallocated from the First Canadian Army, and .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}7+12 platoons were made available taking the transport from an anti-aircraft brigade. 166 FMC was developed from one formerly established there by the VIII Corps, although it had to be expanded as XXX Corps had over 200,000 troops under its command for Operation Veritable. Menu Search. [78] The 21st Army Group headquarters also allocated three additional general transport companies to the British Second Army. It is a history of British European security commitments, of NATO military strategy, and of the changing character of land warfare after 1945. The 5 miles (8.0km) of the Nijmegen-Cleve road was under 610 millimetres (24in) of water, and DUKWs were employed to move supplies forward along it to a "skeleton" FMC, No. A problem was encountered when defects were discovered in the tensioners of the 29th Armoured Brigade's new Comet tanks. [91], On 3 May an VIII Corps FMC at Lneburg was taken over by the Second Army and used as an advance roadhead in conjunction with No. 12 and 14 Army Roadheads were being run down. Both were originally occupation forces in Germany, one after the First World War, and the other after the Second World War. british army of the rhine bases. 168 FMC near Goch. The Corps was with the BEF in 1940 and thereafter involved in the defene of the UK. 12 Army Roadhead via the American rail bridge at Wesel three days later. The 6th Line of Communications Sub Area was earmarked to take over the administration of the port of Rotterdam when it was captured. Both were originally occupation forces in Germany, one after World War I, and the other after World War II. The class 12 Bailey bridge, known as "Sussex", took the XII Corps Troops Engineers and the Royal Navy 43 hours to erect. [19] He intended to make the main Allied effort in the north, in the 21st Army Group's sector. This page is a list of British Armies in WWII. Foster. British Army Germany, is the superior institution under which the remaining installations of the British Forces Germany are organised after the completion of the withdrawal of the British Forces from Germany in February 2020. The British Army of the Rhine - researchgate.net Initially Goldflake convoys sailed to Marseilles by a direct route but after the Battle of the Ligurian Sea on the night of 17/18 March they were routed further south, through the Strait of Bonifacio between Corsica and Sardinia. The affectionate story of British servicemen and their families who had to make Germany a home from home in the decades after the Second World War. The British 6th Airborne Division was withdrawn to the UK and re-equipped there, but its seaborne tail had to be re-equipped by the 21st Army Group. Useful Abbreviations - British Army The second British Army on the Rhine was formed on 25 August 1945 from 21st Army Group. The corps sometimes had to send their transport back to the army roadheads to assist when major operations were required. [95][92] To take pressure off the roads, the 21st Army Group placed an air composite platoon capable of receiving and handling up to 510 tonnes (500 long tons) per day under the Second Army's control. Despite the weather, all movements were completed as planned by 8 February. In turn this demanded a high degree of organisation and professionalism required to utilise the available machines and firepower to best effect. Petrol, oil and lubricants (POL) was brought by ships and the Operation Pluto pipeline from the UK at a rate of 15,000 tonnes (15,000 long tons) per day, of which 3,000 tonnes (3,000 long tons) was over the pipelines, and delivered by barge and pipeline to the army roadheads. British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) | Army Rumour Service staff to a British Advanced Ordnance Depot. The airborne troops landed with two 24-hour ration packs, and the 6th Airborne Division's seaborne tail held two days of compo rations in second line transport. [87] The 21st Army Group allocated an additional 2,190 tonnes (2,160 long tons) of road transport capacity to the Second Army between 27 March and 3 April. London: William Kimber, 1971. The first British Army of the Rhine was set up in March 1919 to implement the occupation of the Rhineland. This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 08:31. For nearly 70 years, generations would grow up on bases with special schools, shops, housing and even their own radio station, as parts of the Rhineland became little bubbles of Britishness. [87], Stocking of No. Moody, Simon J. Imagining Nuclear War in the British Army, 19451989. [13], During the German Ardennes Offensive in December 1944, the Supreme Allied Commander, General of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower, transferred the US First and Ninth Armies to Montgomery's command. Twenty-five special vehicles were built in Army workshops to carry them. [38] Operation Blackcock, a preliminary operation to clear German forces from the Roer Triangle, was carried out by the XII Corps in January 1945. By 1945 the British Army was highly experienced, professional and proficient. An initial stockpile of 91,000 litres (20,000impgal) was supplied to the unit, followed by daily deliveries of 14,000 litres (3,000impgal) per day. While most of its units were British or Canadian, there were also contingents from Belgium, the Netherlands, Czechoslovakia and Poland,[1] and the RAF Second Tactical Air Force operating in support also had Australian, French, New Zealand and Norwegian squadrons. Some 10,000 tonnes (10,000 long tons) of wooden piles, baulks and chesses was assembled for the project. Until the railway bridges could be brought into operation, maintenance depended entirely on road transport. History of the british army of the rhine 06 09 14. They had had better relations with the British than with the French, and they would have brought a measure of stability and prosperity in the difficult economic conditions of 1920s Germany. The next major operation was Operation Plunderthe assault crossing of the Rhine on 23 March. This came from the reorganisation of the line of communications, and additional general transport companies arriving from Italy through Operation Goldflake. Garrison/HQ JHQ Rheindahlen, Germany. Over 2.5 million rounds of 25-pounder ammunition were made available. As was written earlier we are constantly searching for information, and adding or updating pages. british army of the rhine bases . Engineers soon had bridges over the Rhine in operation, which were then superseded by more permanent road and rail bridges. 15 Army Roadhead. A Mail on Sunday . Contents 1 History 1.1 1919-1929 [59][60] Ammunition for the 25-pounders was based on 1,500 rounds per gun. british army of the rhine bases + $18.23 shipping. [51] Each of the assaulting infantry carried five days' supplies, and the armoured divisions carried six. [63] Units participating in Operation Plunder were re-equipped before the start of the operation. They were also utilised for duties such as manning level crossings. 13 Army Roadhead at Nijmegen. von | Jun 17, 2022 | tornadoes of 1965 | | Jun 17, 2022 | tornadoes of 1965 | The armoured divisions also carried a day's worth of AFV ration packs. The Regiments Depart: A History of the British Army, 19451970. The 3rd Canadian Division made use of Buffalo tracked amphibious vehicles. British Army of the Rhine - OverDrive In a broader context, Barnett 1970 and Chandler and Beckett 2003 provide an essential overview of the experiences that have shaped the British Army over its long history. Operation Veritable required 35,000 vehicle movements, mainly to move XXX Corps units 80 miles (130km) in nineteen days. The transfer involved 102,415 troops. [37] Operation Veritable was scheduled to commence on 8 February, but the date for Operation Grenade could not be set, as it depended on the capture of dams on the Roer further south by the US First Army. A new ordnance field park was formed to hold the equipment, which was shipped from the UK. Its primary combat formation was British I Corps. 10 Army Roadhead commenced on 13 April, and the first train arrived at No. [11] To get the railway system in operation again required the reconstruction of bridges and the importation of additional locomotives. Peter Walker. Only three could be provided by the 21st Army Group: the 5th Line of Communications Sub Area and the 101st Beach Sub Area when released from the RMA, and the 9th Line of Communications Sub Area, when it was no longer required for Operation Goldflake. Road transport accounted for another 29,865 personnel and 23,360 trucks. British Army of the Rhine in Italian - English-Italian Dictionary | Glosbe Deliveries of ammunition averaged 4,800 tonnes (4,700 long tons) per day, peaking at 9,300 tonnes (9,150 long tons) on 25 March. After the assumption of government by civilians, it became the command formation for the troops in Germany only, rather than being responsible for administration as well. British Army of the Rhine There have been two formations named British Army of the Rhine ( BAOR ). I Canadian Corps advanced on Utrecht, supported by No. To coordinate troop movements between the First Canadian Army and the British Second Army, a joint office known as "Grouping Control" was established. Due to changing operational requirements, it was ultimately decided to build only three semi-permanent class 40 bridges, at Xanten, Rees and Arnhem, and two class 70 bridges, at Rees and Arnhem. [1] The General Officer Commanding UKSC(G) also functioned as head of the British Forces Liaison Organisation (Germany), which was responsible for liaising and maintaining relations with German civil authorities. It was arranged that 40 tanks, 650 wheeled vehicles, 50 Bren gun carriers, and 3,700 personnel would disembark each day in Marseilles, where accommodation was provided for 10,000 troops in tents and 200 vehicles.
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